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Proofs of God’s Existence, the Argument of Degree
March 6, 2008, 11:32 am
Filed under: God Delusion | Tags: , , , , ,

Having read this chapter I wondered what Aquinas has actually written and I found this page. I found it quite hard reading to start with until you get into the archaic style.

To take up where I left in the last blog, we get to the forth argument about God’s existence, i.e. that He is the ultimate goodness of which our ideas are shallow reflections. I must admit that I found Dawkins “disproof” quite convincing here, which is what took me back to the original Aquinas text. And on going back to it I found the original argument quite weak.  But giving it more thought I do think the proof has some merit, even if Aquinas did not fully explain it.

Dawkins tries to disprove the idea that God is the ultimate good, by throwing in some totally silly comparison of smelliness. No-one would claim that God is the ultimate of that, so why the ultimate good he argues. But Dawkins is giving us a quite different concept in smelliness. People around the world to not have an idea of ultimate smelliness beyond there everyday experience of it. They do not have an idea of ultimate smelliness that they hold in some high esteem and are in large number aiming at or trying to show they are aiming at even if they are not really. Nor even do they have the idea of ultimate smelliness that they are trying to avoid. Nor do they feel a sense incompletion in try to attain, or avoid it.

And yet this is the case with “goodness, truth and nobility and the like”. Why is it that there is a ubiquitous idea around the globe that goes well beyond our natural experience? And it is not merely an idea of goodness better than our own, but an idea of ultimate goodness beyond which there is no higher. We can imagine an idea of smelliness greater than our own, even though such an idea does not have a widespead public following, but we have no concept of a smelliness that it the ultimate that one can not surpass.

There are only a few people in human history that would be deemed to have reached this ultimate state. Some would consider such people as Buddha, Job, Enoch, and Jesus as examples. And yet without these poeple in our everyday circles of friends we have this ubiquitous idea. To me at least this does speak of some close reality that we have an inner drive towards; an idea of a higher being, the measure of total perfection.


16 Comments so far
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… we have no concept of a smelliness that it the ultimate that one can not surpass.

You seem to have succinctly expressed the concept which you say we do not have?

Comment by Isaac Gouy

To state the possibility of a position is not to claim that that position exists. Look in reality, not just sophistical argument. Where is that concept in society? It is absent.

Comment by Gordon

Where is that concept in society? It is absent.
How do you know?

For adults it’s just not an interesting concept; for children it slots into the gross-out/laughter at bodily functions.

Comment by Isaac Gouy

Well certainly kids are interested in smells, but I see no evidence of an ultimate smell concept with them. Amongst adults I have not come across such a thing either. I know that the US arms research people have been searching for the nastiest smell they can find to gross out the opposition. They only seemed to have found toilet smell as a nasty smell. They are certainly aiming at smellier but they are a very small subset of humanity and even there it is difficult to argue that they have a concept of the ultimate smell beyond which there is no smellier possible.

Whereas everywhere you turn there are people with ideas of ultimate, unsurpassable goodness, justice and power.

Comment by Gordon

Dawkins tries to disprove the idea that God is the ultimate good…
Nope – Dawkins does no more than retort that the argument is nonsense.

(Even to understand what Aquinas is talking about we have to digest Aristotle from the 300s BC brought back into the scholastic world of the 1200s.)

Comment by Isaac Gouy

Indeed I was a bit generous to Dawkins in terming his comments a disproof. Ridicule does not really prove anything.

I would be very glad to hear any insight that your study of Aristotle might add to the question. Otherwise we will have to be content with Dawkins presentation of the argument and our interpretations of it.

Comment by Gordon

And you point?

Comment by Gordon

I would be very glad to hear any insight …
I guess that wasn’t actually true.

Comment by Isaac Gouy

Well you have quoted a lengthy article on the subject that covers many points. In the end it seems to only say that Aquinas was speaking into a different intelectual atmosphere. That is pretty obvious given the time he was writing in. I myself made the point that is repeated in the quoted blog that Aquinas does not appear to try and fully explain it, he takes much of it as read, being dependant on Aristotelian thinking as it is.

But what I had said in other places is that let us see what we can do with the points of the proof ourselves rather than get into historical discussions. And what I was also suggesting was that it would be more informative to the reader if we brought those points here and made them here rather than refering to lengthy texts off page.

So I was asking. What point in our discussion is illuminated by what in the blog you quote? And I was asking that you quote it in such a way that it might be clear to the reader here without having to go off to other places.

Comment by Gordon

… see what we can do with the points of the proof ourselves rather than get into historical discussions.
If we did that our reasoning would be anachronistic.

Comment by Isaac Gouy

I would say that basing our dicussions of reasons on our discussions today is precisely the opposite of anachronism.

Comment by Gordon

… basing our dicussions of reasons on our discussions today …
If you were engaged in discussions of today rather than discussions of the 1200s you hopefully wouldn’t have “found it quite hard reading to start with until you get into the archaic style”!

When you ask – “Why is it that there is a ubiquitous idea around the globe that goes well beyond our natural experience?” – you’ve changed arguments mid-stream and are no longer discussing Aquinas’s fourth way.

Comment by Isaac Gouy

Since we are discussing the argument by degree we need to start of by looking at what it is, and then see if it makes sense today. The starting point is archaic, but we need to examine it and place the argument in today to see if it carries weight today. I am not interested in its weight in its time and original formulation, but its weight now and how we can formulate it now since that is where we are.

It is for this reason we need to consider the idea of degrees. It was obvious to Aquinas being an Aristotelian thinker. It is not obvious to us but needs to be examined. In examining it I think we find that the argument holds even more strongly now since there is a very strong sense of ultimate goodness, justice and authority but these degrees do not exist in the same way for other concepts.

Comment by Gordon

… there is a very strong sense of ultimate goodness, justice and authority …

That’s just an assertion – it’s true because I say it’s true.

Comment by Isaac Gouy

… there is a very strong sense of ultimate goodness, justice and authority …

Here’s the problem, that assertion is general and unqualified.

If we take it to mean you have a sense of ultimate authority then fine that’s your opinion.

If we take it to mean your neighbours have a sense of ultimate authority then maybe we’ll take your opinion as a surrogate for your neighbours.

If we take it to mean everyone in your city has a sense of ultimate authority then we should start to doubt how much you know about people in your city.

If we take it to mean everyone in the world has a sense of ultimate authority then we should ask how you think you know.

Comment by Isaac Gouy




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